Stigma, sram i strah u korištenju bijelog štapa i drugih pomagala u orijentaciji i kretanju osoba oštećena vida

master's thesis

• Title (english): Stigma, shame and fear in using white cane and other aids for orientation and mobility of people with visual impairment
• Author: Ivana Klubička
• Mentor: Tina Runjić (mentor)
• Mentor: Dominik Sikirić (komentor)
• Committee member: Tina Runjić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Bilić-Prcić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dominik Sikirić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-06, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Education/Rehabilitation Sciences

Abstract

Orijentacija i kretanje pomoću bijelog štapa osobama oštećena vida može pružiti slobodu, neovisnost i samopouzdanje, a one bi u svom svakodnevnom životu trebale postati što samostalnije što bi im garantiralo i potpunu socijalnu inkluziju. No ipak, integracija u društvo osoba oštećena vida teška je zbog intrapersonalnih i interpersonalnih čimbenika. Prilagodba na intrapersonalne čimbenike primarno se fokusira na prihvaćanje specifičnih limitacija oštećenja vida i učenje vještina kojima će se te limitacije nadomjestiti. No, i jedni i drugi čimbenici osobi oštećena vida predstavljaju veliki izazov u integraciji u videću okolinu i kao rezultat, osoba će radije pokušati 'proći' kao videća i kao da njeno oštećenje uopće ni ne postoji.
Bijeli štap i pas vodič najčešća su pomagala za orijentaciju i kretanje, no s obzirom da oni, osim svoje funkcije pomagala, imaju i simboličku funkciju da osoba koja ih koristi ima oštećenje vida, mogu biti izvor oznake i posljedično stigme od strane društva, koja se smatra jednim od najdestruktivnijih socijalnih fenomena, i tako staviti slijepe i slabovidne osobe na društvenu marginu. Sljepoća je jedan od većih tipova oštećenja s kojom se osobe mogu susresti i unatoč mnogim poboljšanjima na polju tehnologije, do današnjeg dana i dalje predstavlja ozbiljan problem.
Cilj ovog preglednog rada je pružiti uvid u literaturu koja obuhvaća teme stigme, srama i straha u korištenju bijelog štapa i drugih pomagala za orijentaciju i kretanje osoba oštećena vida. Korištenje bijelog štapa u orijentaciji i kretanju reflektira stigmu od strane socijalne okoline, a paralelno induktivno nastaje i strah i sram u samoj osobi oštećena vida koja ga koristi. Također, inercija, odbijanje, nevoljkost i strah osobe oštećena vida da se pojavi u javnosti koristeći bijeli štap za orijentaciju i kretanje te tim simbolom tako i izloži svoje oštećenje vida upravo su povezani puno više sa stigmatizacijom socijalne okoline, a manje sa nedostatkom motivacije za trening orijentacije i kretanja, no to su samo neki od čimbenika koji su kod njih doprinijeli zaostajanju u započinjanju rehabilitacijskih programa orijentacije i kretanja. U radu će biti prikazan pregled teorije u literaturi i istraživanja koja istražuju navedenu problematiku.

Abstract (english)

Orientation and mobility with the assistance of a white cane can provide visually impaired people with freedom, independence and confidence, which is a stepping stone to becoming fully independent in their day to day lives, which in turn would guarantee full social inclusion. However, integration into society is difficult for a visually impaired individual because of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Adjustment to intrapersonal factors is primarily focused on accepting the specific limitations of visual impairments and learning the skills that will supplant those limitations. To a visually impaired person however, both these factors create a difficult challenge in their integration into a sighted environment and as a result the individual will prefer to try to 'pass' as a sighted individual, pretending their impairment does not exist.
The cane and the guide dog are the most common assistive tools for orientation and mobility, but alongside their function as assistive tools, they also have a symbolic function, denoting the person as a visually impaired individual. As such, they can be the source of labels, and consequently societal stigmas, which is considered to be one of the most destructive social phenomena, placing blind and visually impaired individuals on the margins of society. Blindness is one of the larger types of impairments that can be encountered, and despite the many recent technological advancements, it still represents a difficult problem to this day.
The aim of this work is to provide a wide review of the literature that encompasses the topics of stigma, shame and fear in the use of the white cane and other assistive technologies for the visually impaired. The use of the white cane in orientation and mobility reflects a stigma from the social environment, while in parallel creating fear and shame within the visually impaired individual. In addition, inertia, resistance, reluctance and the fear of appearing in public with a white cane which symbolizes an individual's visual impairment, are all much more connected to the stigmatization of the social environment, and much less with a lack of motivation for orientation and mobility training. Yet these are only some of the factors that contribute to an individual falling behind on taking up a rehabilitation program for orientation and mobility. This work will present a review of the theory, research and related literature that deals with these issues.

• Keywords: orijentacija i kretanje osoba oštećena vida; bijeli štap i pas vodič; stigmatizacija; sram; strah
• Keywords (english): orientation and mobility of visually impaired people; white cane; guide dog; stigma; shame; fear
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:104167
• Study programme: Title: Graduate study of Educational Rehabilitation; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije (magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-11 10:57:35