| Abstract | Temeljni cilj ovoga rada je ispitati razinu nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu, počinjenja i doživljavanja nasilja u mladenačkim vezama te povezanost ovih fenomena kod učenika i učenica srednjih škola Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Specifično, istraživanjem se nastoji utvrditi pojavnost počinjenja i doživljavanja različitih vrsta nasilja u romantičnim vezama te razlike u vrstama počinjenog i doživljenog nasilja u odnosu na spol kod učenika i učenica srednjih škola Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Nastoji se utvrditi postotak mladih koji su doživjeli jedno i četiri ili više nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu te postoji li statistički značajna povezanost između broja doživljenih nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu te počinjenja i doživljavanja različitih vrsta nasilja u mladenačkim vezama. Istraživanje je nastalo u sklopu institucionalnog projekta na Edukacijsko – rehabilitacijskom fakultetu te je ono je provedeno u online obliku, preko servisa LimeSurvey u razdoblju od 23. svibnja 2022. do 20. lipnja 2022. Podaci su prikupljeni na uzorku N=1071 učenika i učenica 7 srednjih škola Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Sudjelovanje u istraživanju bilo je dobrovoljno i anonimno. Instrumentarij se sastojao od: 1) Upitnika o sociodemografskim obilježjima, 2) prilagođene verzije Upitnika nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu (Finkelhor i sur., 2015), 3) Upitnika počinjenih nasilnih ponašanja u vezi (Ajduković, Löw i Sušac, 2011) i 4) Upitnika doživljenih nasilnih ponašanja u vezi (Ajduković, Löw i Sušac, 2011). Za obradu podataka korištene su se metode deskriptivne statistike (aritmetička sredina, standardna devijacija, frekvencija odgovora), korelacije, Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije, Mann – Whitneyev test te Kolmogorov – Smirnovljev test za testiranje normalnosti distribucije. Prema dobivenim podacima mladi su najčešće izloženi psihičkim oblicima nasilja, bilo da ga sami čine ili doživljavaju, zatim slijedi fizičko nasilje, dok su činjenje i doživljavanje seksualnih oblika nasilničkog ponašanja najrjeđe zastupljeni. Nadalje, rezultati pokazuju kako djevojke češće
čine psihičke i fizičke oblike nasilja u ljubavnim vezama te češće doživljavaju psihičko nasilje, dok razlika prema spolu nije utvrđena u činjenju seksualnog nasilja niti izloženosti fizičkim i seksualnim oblicima nasilničkog ponašanja u adolescentskim ljubavnim odnosima. Rezultati pokazuju kako je 68.5% sudionika doživjelo barem jedno nepovoljno iskustvo tijekom odrastanja, dok 28.3% adolescenata izvještava o četiri ili više doživljenih takvih iskustava. Spearmanovim koeficijentom korelacije utvrđena je statistički značajna umjerena pozitivna povezanost između broja nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu i počinjenja nasilja u mladenačkim vezama (r=.348, p<0.01) te između broja takvih iskustava i doživljavanja nasilja u mladenačkim vezama (r=.398, p<0.01). Također, utvrđena je statistički značajna umjerena pozitivna povezanost između nepovoljnih iskustava u djetinjstvu i počinjenja (r=.341, p>0.01) te doživljavanja psihičkih oblika nasilja u vezi (r=.382, p<0.01), kao i doživljavanja fizičkog nasilja u partnerskom odnosu (r=.30, p<0.01). Nadalje, utvrđena je statistički značajna niska pozitivna povezanost između spomenutih iskustava i činjenja fizičkog nasilničkog ponašanja (r=.251, p<0.01), manifestiranja (r=.237, p<0.01) i doživljavanja seksualnog nasilja od strane partnera/ice (r=.226, p<0.01). |
| Abstract (english) | The main goal of this paper is to test adverse childhood experiences, teen dating violence perpetration and victimization and correlation between these phenomenas among male and female secondary school students of the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. Specifically, the research seeks to determine incidence of committing and experiencing different types of violence in romantic relationships and the differences in perpetration and victimization teen dating violence in relation to gender of participants. Furthermore, to determine the percentage of young people who experienced one or four and more adverse childhood experiences. Also, this research seeks to determine whether there is statistically significant correlation between the number of adverse childhood experiences and perpetration and victimization of different types of violence in youth relationships. This research was created as part of an institutional project at the Faculty Education and Rehabilitation Sciences and it was conducted online through LimeSurvey during the period from May 23rd to June 20th of 2022. The data was collected on a sample of N = 1071 male and female secondary school students of the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. Participation in the research was voluntary and anonymus. The instrument consisted of: 1) The questionnaire of sociodemographic data, 2) an adapted verison of the Questionnaire of adverse childhood experiences (Finkelhor i sur., 2015), 3) The questionnaire of teen dating violence perpetration (Ajduković, Löw i Sušac, 2011) and 4) The questionnaire of teen dating violence victimazation (Ajduković, Löw i Sušac, 2011). Dana were analysed via descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, response frequency), correlation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann – Whitney's test and Kolmogorov – Smirnov's test for testing normality of distribution. According to the collected data, young people are most often exposed to psychological forms of violence, whether they commit or experience it themselves, followed by physical violence, while
committing and experiencing sexual forms of violent behavior are the least represented. Furthermore, results show that girls more often commit psychological and physical forms of violence in romantic relationships and more often experience psychological forms of violence, while gender differences where not found in committing sexual violence and exposure to physical and sexual forms of violent behavior in adolescent relationships. Results show that 68.5% of participants experienced at least one adverse childhood experiences while growing up, while 28.3% of adolescents reported four or more such experiences. Spearman's coefficient of correlation found a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between number of adverse childhood experiences and teen dating violence perpetration (r=.348, p<0.01) and between number of adverse childhood experiences and teen dating violence victimization (r=.398, p<0.01). Also, a statistically significant moderate positive assocation was found between adverse childhood experiences and perpetration (r=.341, p>0.01) and experiencing psychological forms of violence in a relationship (r=.382, p<0.01), as well as experiencing physical violence (r=.30, p<0.01). Furthermore, a statistically significant low positive correlation was found between the mentioned experiences and committing physical violent behavoir (r=.251, p<0.01), manifesting (r=.237, p<0.01) and experiencing sexual forms of violence in relationships (r=.226, p<0.01). |
