Iskustva i stavovi učitelja edukacijskih rehabilitatora o spolnom razvoju, odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s poteškoćama u razvoju

master's thesis

• Title (english): Experiences and attitudes of special education teachers about sexual development, upbringing and education of students with developmental disabilites
• Author: Irena Briški Bubica
• Mentor: Daniela Bratković (mentor)
• Mentor: Natalija Lisak Šegota (komentor)
• Committee member: Daniela Bratković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zrinjka Stančić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmina Stošić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; (Department of Inclusive Education and Rehabilitation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Education/Rehabilitation Sciences

Abstract

Djeca i mladi s teškoćama u razvoju prolaze kroz jednake faze spolnog razvoja kao i vršnjaci tipičnog razvoja, no moguća su određena odstupanja u psihosocijalnom aspektu toga razvoja, a samim time i njihovom spolnom izražavanju i ponašanju, uvjetovana i neprimjerenim stavovima i postupanjima okoline, osobito roditelja i drugih članova obitelji, stručnjaka u neposrednom radu s njima i šire zajednice (Bratković, 2023). Zbog toga im je neophodna podrška u vidu prilagođenih programa spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja, kao i edukacije i savjetovanja njihovih roditelja, što je apostrofirano i zajamčenim ljudskim pravima (Bratković, 2011). Međutim, u RH još uvijek ne postoje službeni i verificirani kurikulumi spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja, kao ni sustavne edukacije i savjetovanja roditelja i stručnjaka u neposrednom radu s njima, što rezultira mnogim izazovima za djelatnike u sustavu odgoja i obrazovanja.
Na temelju toga, cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati subjektivnu perspektivu učitelja rehabilitatora o spolnom razvoju i ponašanju učenika s teškoćama u razvoju, vlastitoj spremnosti za provedbu elemenata spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja u svakodnevnom radu, kao i o suradnji s roditeljima na tom području. U svrhu prikupljanja podataka provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje metodom fokus grupa na uzorku od 11 učiteljica edukacijskih rehabilitatorica iz Centra za odgoj i obrazovanje Rijeka. Dobiveni rezultati obrađeni su principom tematske analize podataka (Braun i Clarke, 2006) i definirana su tri tematska područja s pripadajućim temama / kategorijama i podtemama: iskustva i stavovi učitelja rehabilitatora o spolnom izražavanju i ponašanju učenika s poteškoćama u razvoju, kompetencije edukacijskih rehabilitatora za provedbu elemenata spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja učenika s poteškoćama u razvoju te uloga roditelja i suradnja u spolnom odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s poteškoćama u razvoju. Ono što se može uvidjeti na temelju rezultata istraživanja je da su sudionice informirane o specifičnostima spolnosti učenika s poteškoćama u razvoju i imaju iskustva s različitim oblicima spolnog ponašanja i izražavanja učenika, kao i s provedbom elemenata spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja. Iz rezultata je također vidljivo da su se sudionice uglavnom educirale o spolnosti djece s poteškoćama u razvoju, ali većinom izvan radnog mjesta i fakultetskog obrazovanja. Sudionice također imaju različita iskustva suradnje s roditeljima u provedbi elemenata spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja, a u cijelom procesu im najviše nedostaje sustavna podrška te službeni kurikulumi i smjernice za provođenje spolnog odgoja i obrazovanja.

Abstract (english)

Children and young people with developmental disabilities go through the same stages of external development as typical peers, but certain deviations are possible in the psychosocial aspect of that development, and at the same time in their external expression and behaviour, conditioned by inappropriate attitudes and actions of the environment, especially by parents and other family members, professionals working directly with them and the wider community (Bratković, 2023). For this reason, they need support in the form of adapted sexual education programs, as well as education and counselling of their parents, which is guaranteed by human rights (Bratković, 2011). However, in the Republic of Croatia, there are still no official and verified curricula for outdoor education, as well as systematic education and counselling of parents and professionals in direct work with them, which results in many challenges for employees in the education system.
Based on that, the goal of this paper was to examine the subjective perspective of special education teachers on the sexual development and behaviour of students with developmental disabilities, their own readiness to implement elements of sex education in their daily work, as well as on cooperation with parents in this area. In order to collect data, a qualitative research using the focus group method was conducted on a sample of 11 special education teachers from the Center for Education „Rijeka“. The obtained results were processed according to the principle of thematic data analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006), and three thematic areas were defined with associated themes/categories and sub-themes: experiences and attitudes of special education teachers about the sexual expression and behaviour of students with developmental disabilities; competences of special education teachers for implementation of the elements of the sex education of students with developmental disabilities; and the role of parents and cooperation in the sex education of students with developmental disabilities. It can be seen that the participants are informed about the specificities of the sexuality of students with developmental disabilities and have experience with different forms of sexual behaviour and expression of students, as well as with teaching elements of sexual upbringing and education. It is also evident from the results that the participants were mostly educated about the sexuality of children with developmental disabilities, but mostly outside the workplace and college education. The participants also have different experiences of cooperation with parents in the implementation of elements of sexual upbringing and education. In the whole process they mostly lack systematic support and official curricula and guidelines for the implementation of sexual upbringing and education.

• Keywords: spolni odgoj i obrazovanje; poteškoće u razvoju; učitelji edukacijski rehabilitatori
• Keywords (english): sexual upbringing and education; developmental disabilities; special education teachers
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:875976
• Study programme: Title: University graduate study of Educational Rehabilitation; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije (sveučilišni magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2024-10-23 08:23:01