Title Motoričko učenje kod osoba s mišićnom distrofijom Title (english) Motor learning in muscular dystrophy Author Mia Perković Mentor Renata Pinjatela (mentor)Committee member Renata Pinjatela (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Renata Martinec (član povjerenstva)Committee member Damir Miholić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2018-07-06, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Mišićne distrofije (MD) su nasljedne, progresivne bolesti, prvenstveno skeletnih mišića koji rezultiraju degeneracijom mišićnih stanica i dovode do razvoja mišićne slabosti. Variraju prema kliničkoj slici i patološkim promjenama mišića te prema načinu nasljeđivanja, kao i dobi pojavnosti simptoma i brzini progresije kliničke slike (Emery, 2002, prema Kuzmanić Šamija, 2013). Duchenneova mišićna distrofija (DMD) je najčešći oblik nasljedne mišićne distrofije. Incidencija bolesti je 1: 3 500 rođene muške djece. Proces motoričkog učenja usko je povezan s mentalnim sposobnostima, motoričkim sposobnostima, prethodnim motoričkim iskustvom, ali i kognitivnim i konativnim karakteristikama pojedinca koje pridonose razumijevanju same kretne strukture koja se uči i zahtjeva tehnike pokreta, a o čemu ovisi brzina i uspješnost učenja. Što je pokret koji se uči složeniji, sam proces motoričkog učenja je zahtjevniji. Cilj rada je na temelju postojećih istraživanja predstaviti spoznaje o procesu motoričkog učenja i motoričkih sposobnosti kod osoba s mišićnom distrofijom te čimbenike koji na taj proces utječu. Definirat će se kakav intenzitet fizičkog treninga je koristan u smislu očuvanja izdržljivosti mišića i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Opisani su instrumenti procjene koji se koriste za opisivanje, testiranje i evaluaciju obilježja motoričkih funkcija kod osoba s Duchenneovom mišićnom distrofijom. Također, predstavit će se dosadašnja saznanja i istraživanja koja govore o tome kako i na koji način se motoričko učenje kod osoba s Duchenneovom mišićnom distrofijom može ostvariti u okviru računalne tehnologije i virtualne stvarnosti. Pokazalo se da je unatoč funkcionalnim ograničenjima koja prate mišićnu distrofiju u većoj ili manjoj mjeri, unatoč ovisnosti o drugim varijablama kao što su intervencije lijekova i sl., da oboljeli mogu i dalje izvoditi motoričke zadatke, pokazujući slične obrasce kao pojedinci koji nisu oboljeli od mišićne distrofije, iako uz niže performanse. Učinci u praksi se mogu vidjeti u značajnom smanjenju vremena za izvršenje zadatka, kao i poboljšanje u kvaliteti i organizaciji pokreta. Indirektna mjerljivost motoričkog učenja u vidu motoričke izvedbe omogućuje nam bolju samokontrolu u radu, kvalitetniju evaluaciju i praćenje napretka.
Abstract (english) Muscular Dystrophies (MD) are hereditary, progressive diseases, primarily of skeletal muscles resulting in degeneration of muscle cells and lead to the development of muscular weakness. They vary according to the clinical picture and the pathological changes of the muscles and the way of inheritance, as well as the age of the symptoms appearing and progression of the clinical image (Emery, 2002, according to Kuzmanić Šamija, 2013). Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of hereditary muscular dystrophy. The incidence of the disease is 1: 3 500 born male children. Motor learning process is closely related to mental capabilities, motor skills, previous motor experience, but also the cognitive and conative characteristics of an individual that contribute to the understanding of the movment structure that is teached and requires movement techniques, on which depends the speed and success of learning. If the movement that is teached is a more complex, the motor learning process is more demanding. The aim of this paper is to present knowledge based on existing researches about the process of motor learning and motor skills in people with muscular dystrophy and the factors influencing this process. It will be determined what kind of physical training intensity is beneficial in terms of the preservation of muscle endurance and functional abilities. The assessment tools used to describe, test and evaluate motor function characteristics in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy will be described. Also, it will be presented the current knowledge and researches to say how and in which way motor learning in people with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy can can be achieved in the field of computer technology and virtual reality. It has been shown that despite the functional limitations that accompany muscular dystrophy in a greater or lesser extent, despite the dependence on other variables such as drug interventions, etc., sufferers may continue to perform motor tasks, showing similar patterns as individuals who have not been affected by muscular dystrophy, albeit with lower performance. The effects in practice can be seen in a significant reduction in time to complete a task as well as in quality improvement and movement organization. Indirect measurability of motor learning in the form of motor performance allows us to better self-control in work, better quality of evaluation and progress monitoring.
Keywords
mišićna distrofija
motoričko učenje
tjelesna aktivnost
Keywords (english)
muscular dystrophy
motor learning
physical activity
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:158:362139 Study programme Title: Educational Rehabilitation Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2018-08-27 10:13:22
