Title Socijalna hijerarhija zatvorenika u penalnom sustavu Title (english) Social hierarchy among prisoners in correctional facilities Author Helena Gutrung Mentor Anita Jandrić Nišević (mentor)Committee member Anita Jandrić Nišević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivana Borić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Tihana Novak (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-09-27, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Penalne institucije prostorno su ograničene ustanove bogate karakterno različitim zatvorenicima s različitim kriminalnim povijestima i sposobnostima prilagodbe u vrlo kontroliranom suţivotu s velikim brojem počinitelja kaznenih djela. Zahvaljujući ovakvim obiljeţjima, zatvori i kaznionice pogodna su mjesta za izdvajanje dominantnijih zatvorenika, ali i onih čije su karakteristike u zatvorskom okruţenju nepoţeljne, odnosno za razvoj socijalne hijerarhije. Ciljevi ovog rada su ustanoviti upravo koja su to zatvorenička obiljeţja i ponašanja koja oblikuju njihovu poziciju u socijalnoj hijerarhiji, razjasniti kako ona nastaje te koje su njezine funkcije i posljedice. Osim toga, nastojat će se prepoznati sličnosti i razlike interne socijalne hijerarhije zatvorenika unutar penalnih sustava različitih zemalja svijeta, uključujući i osvrt na situaciju u zatvorskom sustavu Republike Hrvatske.
Radom je utvrĎeno kako na poloţaj zatvorenika u socijalnoj hijerarhiji ključan utjecaj imaju sljedeći čimbenici: “muškost”, vrsta počinjenog kaznenog djela, starost i duljina boravka u penalnoj ustanovi te ponašanja vezana uz pridrţavanje/kršenje zatvoreničkog koda. Prema tome, na vrhu hijerarhije nalaze se dominantni, muţevni i snaţni zatvorenici te stariji, iskusni zatvorenici s duljim staţem boravka u zatvorima i kaznionicama. Na najlošijim se poloţajima nalaze počinitelji kaznenih djela na štetu djece i ţena te zatvorenici koji su u dosluhu sa zatvorskim osobljem prenoseći im interne informacije zatvoreničke subkulture. Pokazalo se kako, bez obzira na kulturološke i političke razlike u pojedinim drţavama, socijalna hijerarhija ima sličnu strukturu u različitim dijelovima svijeta.
Zbog postojanja socijalne hijerarhije, zatvorsko osoblje ima mogućnost korištenja pojedinih zatvorenika s obzirom na njihovu poziciju. Ona ponekad predstavlja i najučinkovitiji način odrţavanja reda i mira u penalnim institucijama. S druge strane, njezina prisutnost podrazumijeva i negativne posljedice, kao što su upotreba nasilja i viktimizacije radi postizanja i odrţavanja ţeljenog statusa, što odreĎene zatvorenike stavlja u rizične pozicije. Zbog svoje prirode, moţe imati i štetan utjecaj na rehabilitacijske postupke koje provode stručni djelatnici kaznenih tijela.
Kako bi se dobila što točnija slika socijalne hijerarhije zatvorenika kaznionica i zatvora u Hrvatskoj, autorica predlaţe provedbu istraţivanja po uzoru na one provedene u drugim zemljama ne bi li se rezultati istih mogli upotrijebiti za što kvalitetniju raspodjelu smještaja zatvorenika te što uspješniju organizaciju tretmana zatvorenika i zaštitu njihove sigurnosti.
Abstract (english) Due to being space constrained while also enriched with prisoners whose personalities differ, as well as their criminal histories and abilities to adjust to extremely controlled coexistence with numeorus strangers who are also offenders of many different types of crime, correctional facilities are very suitable places for the development of social hierarchy among prisoners. In this type of enviroment it is common for dominant prisoners to stand out, but the same happens to those whose certain characteristics are unwanted among the prison subculture. The aim of this paper is to explain how social hierarchy among prisoners appears, what the key features and prisoners' behaviours that lead to certain positions in it are, and to establish its function and consequences while reviewing its structure in different countries around the world, including Croatia.
It can be concluded that the biggest influence on prisoners' social status have the following characteristics: masculinity, type of crime, age, length of incarceration and time spent in the jail/prison and finally, behaviours related to obeying and violating the prisoner code. Therefore, dominant, manly and strong prisoners can be found at the top of the social hierarchy, as well as older, more experieced ones who have been in correctional facilities for a longer time. Offenders whose victims were weaker then them and those who are informants for the prison staff are usually at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Also, throughout the paper, it has been established that the structure of the social hierarchy among prisoners remains quite similar in different parts of the world.
Because of its existence, prison staff can use social hierarchy positions and prisoners in their own advantage. It can sometimes represent the most effective way of maintaining peace and order in the prison enviroment. However, her presence may also bring some negative consequences, such as the use of violence and victimization in order to gain and keep the desired position. Besides that, it can have a harmful effect on prison staff's rehabilitative efforts.
To get the most accurate image of social hierarchy among prisoners in Croatia, the author suggests conducting a research modeled on those done in other countries so that its results may be used to ensure a quality distribution of prisoners' accomodation, as well as a successful treatment and prisoner security organization.
Keywords
socijalna hijerarhija
zatvor
kaznionica
zatvorenici
Keywords (english)
social hierarchy
jail
prison
prisoners
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:158:848792 Study programme Title: Graduate study of Social Pedagogy Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2019-10-30 08:57:43
