Uzroci opadanja korištenja Brailleevog pisma (brajice)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Causes of the decline in the use of Braille
• Author: Tea Cvitanić
• Mentor: Tina Runjić (mentor)
• Committee member: Tina Runjić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sonja Alimović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dominik Sikirić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-06-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Education/Rehabilitation Sciences

Abstract

Brailleevo pismo (BP) taktilno je pismo koje osobama s težim oštećenjem vida omogućava
pismenost, odnosno samostalnost u vještinama pisanja i čitanja. Pismenost na BP osobama s
težim oštećenjem vida omogućava pristup obrazovnim programima, zaposlenju i ravnopravno
sudjelovanje u zajednici. Unatoč velikom značaju BP, u posljednja tri desetljeća vidljiv je pad
korištenja istoga. U literaturi se navode različiti faktori koji utječu na opadanje korištenja BP.
Nedostatak materijala na BP najčešće se navodi kao jedan od faktora, a on otežava usvajanje
BP te posljedično utječe na kasnije korištenje BP. Nedostatak stručnjaka za poučavanje BP i
njihova kompetentnost, odnosno nedostatak kompetentnosti stručnjaka, također, nepovoljno
utječe na poučavanje i usvajanje, a samim time i korištenje BP. Nadalje, zbog napretka u
tehnologiji sve veći broj osoba oštećena vida oslanja se na korištenje asistivne tehnologije, a ne
na korištenje BP. Neispravne percepcije i negativni stavovi učitelja prema BP odražavaju se
negativno na samopouzdanje učenika oštećena vida o njihovim kompetencijama i njihovo
usvajanje BP. Dodatne utjecajne teškoće, koje se sve češće javljaju uz oštećenje vida, utječu na
cjelokupno funkcioniranje korisnika pa tako i na pismenost, odnosno otežavaju usvajanje i
korištenje BP. Osim toga, zbog napretka medicine postoje značajne promjene u populaciji
osoba oštećena vida koje se, također odražavaju, na opadanje korištenja BP. Naime, postoji sve
manji broj djece s oštećenjem vida. S druge strane, zbog starenja populacije, povećava se broj
odraslih i starijih osoba oštećena vida koje zbog negativnih stavova i stigmi često odbijaju
usvajanje i korištenje BP. Većina navedenih uzroka opadanja korištenja BP mogu se na neki
način umanjiti ili prevladati te se, zbog značaja BP, u rehabilitaciji osoba oštećena vida treba
posvetiti poučavanju korištenja tog pisma u skladu s potrebama i mogućnostima korisnika.

Abstract (english)

Braille is a tactile system that enables people with severe visual impairments to become literate,
i.e. independent in writing and reading. Braille literacy allows people with severe visual
impairment access to educational programs, employment, and equal participation in the
community. Despite the great importance of Braille, a decline in its use has been evident in the
last three decades. Various factors that influence the decline in the use of Braille are mentioned
in literature. The lack of Braille materials is most often mentioned as one of the factors which
makes it difficult to adopt Braille and consequently affects the later use of it. The lack of experts
for teaching Braille and their competence, that is, the lack of competence of experts, also
adversely affects the teaching and adoption, and therefore the use of Braille. Furthermore, due
to advances in technology, an increasing number of visually impaired people rely on the use of
assistive technology rather than the use of Braille. Incorrect perceptions and negative attitudes
of teachers towards Braille reflect negatively on the self-confidence of visually impaired
students regarding their competences and their adoption of Braille. Additional influential
difficulties that occur more and more frequently with visual impairment affect the user's overall
functioning, including literacy, that is, they make it difficult to adopt and use Braille. In
addition, due to the progress of medicine, there are significant changes in the population of
visually impaired people, which are also reflected in the decline in the use of Braille. There is
a decreasing number of children with visual impairment. On the other hand, due to the aging of
the population, the number of visually impaired adults and elderly people is increasing, but due
to negative attitudes and stigmas toward Braille, they often refuse to adopt and use it. Most of
the stated causes of the decline in the use of Braille can be reduced or overcome in some way,
and due to the importance of Braille, the rehabilitation of visually impaired people should be
devoted to teaching the use of this letter in accordance with the needs and capabilities of the
user.

• Keywords: Brailleevo pismo; oštećenje vida; pismenost; poučavanje
• Keywords (english): Braille; literacy; teaching; visual impairments
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:207823
• Study programme: Title: University graduate study of Educational Rehabilitation; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije (sveučilišni magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-07-11 07:40:10