Obilježja eholalije u ranom jezičnom razvoju kod djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma

master's thesis

• Title (english): Characteristics of echolalia in early language development in children with autism spectrum disorder
• Author: Dora Tabain
• Mentor: Jasmina Ivšac Pavliša (mentor)
• Mentor: Klara Popčević (komentor)
• Committee member: Jasmina Ivšac Pavliša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Šimleša (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Klara Popčević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-06-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Speech Therapy

Abstract

Eholalija se odnosi na ponavljanje tuđih iskaza, fraza ili riječi i koja se javlja kod sve djece tipičnog razvoja dok još nisu usvojila temelj materinskog jezika, dakle između prve i druge godine života, a najduže do 30. mjeseca života. Nakon toga, eholalija se osjetno gubi iz govora usporedno s razvojem drugih jezičnih i komunikacijskih vještina. Ipak, ukoliko se eholalija zadrži dulje od toga, može biti vrlo važan klinički marker za dijagnosticiranje poremećaja iz spektra autizma (PSA), a ujedno je i jedno od najuočljivijih obilježja kod populacije sa PSA-om. Eholalija se često opisuje kao nefunkcionalno i stereotipno ponašanje, iako postoje istraživanja koja pokazuju kako djeca sa PSA-om koriste eholaliju za više komunikacijskih funkcija te kako ona može imati važnu ulogu u jezičnom razvoju. Budući da u ranom jezičnom razvoju eholalija može biti prisutna, osim kod djece sa PSA-om, i kod djece tipičnog razvoja, cilj ovog rada jest usporediti obilježja eholalije kod te dvije skupine djece u ranom jezičnom razvoju. Analizirale su se razlike u učestalosti korištenja eholalije općenito te posebno odgođene eholalije. Kao dodatno pitanje analizirale su se i razlike u učestalosti korištenja ublažene eholalije kod djece s PSA-om i djece tipičnog razvoja u ranom jezičnom razvoju (rječnik veličine 200-400 riječi). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 10-ero djece tipičnog razvoja i 10-ero djece kojima je utvrđen PSA. Skupina djece s PSA-om bila je prosječno kronološki starije dobi zbog razlika u vremenu i tempu usvajanja jezičnih vještina. Obilježja eholalije analizirala su se pomoću transkripata konstruiranih na temelju videosnimki polustrukturirane interakcije djeteta i roditelja. Prikupljeni podatci obradili su se neparametrijskim Mann-Whitneyevim U testom u SPSS programu. Rezultati su pokazali kako djeca s PSA-om u ranom jezičnom razvoju češće koriste eholaliju od djece tipičnog razvoja, a razlike u učestalosti korištenja odgođene eholalije bile su zanemarive i nisu bile značajne. Ublaženu eholaliju koristila su djeca iz obje skupine u velikom omjeru, te se pokazalo da se ni u toj vrsti eholalije ove dvije skupine značajno ne razlikuju. Ipak, zanimljivo je da je blago veći udio zamijećen kod djece s PSA-om, što otvara jedno novo, još nedovoljno istraženo pitanje.

Abstract (english)

Echolalia refers to the repetition of other people's utterances, phrases or words, and which occurs in all children who are developing typically prior to their acquisition of the basics of their mother tongue, i.e. between the first and second year of life, and at most up to the 30th month of life. Afterwards, it noticeably disappears from speech, as other language and communication skills start to develop. However, if echolalia persists longer than that, it can be a very important clinical marker for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and is also one of the most noticeable features in the population with ASD. Echolalia is often described as a dysfunctional and stereotyped behavior, although there is research showing that children with ASD use echolalia for multiple communicative functions and that it may play an important role in language development. Since echolalia can be present in early language development both in children with ASD and in typically developing children, the aim of this paper is to compare the features of echolalia in those two groups of children in stages of early language development. The differences in the frequency of using echolalia in general, as well as delayed echolalia, were analyzed, and as an additional issue, the differences in the frequency of using mitigated echolalia in children with ASD and typically developing children in early stages of language development (vocabulary size of 200-400 words) were also analyzed. 10 typically developing children and 10 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the research. The group of children with ASD was on average chronologically older due to differences in the time and rate of acquisition of language skills. Echolalia characteristics were analyzed using transcripts constructed on the basis of videotapes of semi-structured child-parent interaction. The collected data were processed with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test in the SPSS program. The results showed that children with ASD in early language development use echolalia more often than typically developing children, but the differences in the frequency of using delayed echolalia were negligible and not significant. Mitigated echolalia was used by children from both groups in a large proportion, and it turned out that even in this type of echolalia, the two groups did not differ significantly. However, it is interesting to see that a slightly higher proportion of mitigated echolalia was observed in children with ASD, which opens up a new, still an under-researched question.

• Keywords: poremećaj iz spektra autizma (PSA); eholalija; jezični razvoj; tipični razvoj
• Keywords (english): autism spectrum disorder (ASD); echolalia; language development; typical development
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:396393
• Study programme: Title: University graduate study of Speech and Language Pathology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistra logopedije (sveučilišni magistar/magistra logopedije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-07-11 13:29:34