| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja je opisati doživljaj restorativne pravde i izvansudske nagodbe za mlade u sukobu sa zakonom od strane donositelja odluka i stručnjaka, sa svrhom stjecanja dubljeg uvida u razinu informiranosti i način na koji stručnjaci i donositelji odluka doživljavaju koncept restorativne pravde i izvansudske nagodbe te mogućnosti širenja modela restorativne pravde u sektoru pravosuđa. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo pet sudionica iz sljedećih institucija: Ministarstvo pravosuđa, UNICEF - Ured za Hrvatsku, Pravosudna akademija te Ured pučke pravobraniteljice. Podaci su prikupljani putem intervjua. Kao metoda obrade podataka korištena je metoda jednostavnog kodiranja. Kroz 10 tema opisana su saznanja o informiranosti donositelja odluka i stručnjaka o konceptu restorativne pravde te pozitivnom doživljaju iste, dobici i rizici od primjene mjera restorativne pravde, kriteriji nalaganja/upućivanja slučajeva u restorativni proces, uvjeti za primjenu mjera restorativne pravde, izazovi i problemi postojećeg kaznenopravnog sustava kao i izazovi implementacije i širenja restorativne pravde, doživljaj izvansudske nagodbe te različiti stavovi donositelja odluka i stručnjaka o ideji širenja restorativne pravde. Sudionice su generalno upoznate s konceptom restorativne pravde te imaju pozitivan pogled na istu. Uviđaju dobiti od primjene restorativnih mjera, ali i potencijale rizike i to na tri razine – počinitelj, žrtva i zajednica (uključujući kaznenopravni sustav). Kada govore o rizicima primjene restorativnih mjera, sudionice ističu da su takve mjere nedovoljne i preblage za počinitelje te da mogu poticajno djelovati na činjenje kaznenih djela. Sudionice smatraju da se mjere restorativne pravde mogu primjenjivati u svim fazama kaznenog postupka te prema svim dobnim skupinama počinitelja. Međutim, ističu da su restorativne mjere najprimjerenije u prethodnom postupku te da su najučinkovitije u odnosu na maloljetne počinitelje. Navode da primjena restorativnih mjera treba ovisiti o vrsti i težini kaznenog djela. Izvansudsku nagodbu vide kao dobro zakonsko rješenje za mlade u sukobu sa zakonom te ističu mogućnosti širenja navedene mjere na odrasle počinitelje. Kada govore o mogućnostima implementacije i širenja restorativnog pristupa naglašavaju važnost poštivanja određenih uvjeta te navode izazove implementacije i širenja restorativnog pristupa poput stvaranja zakonskih preduvjeta za primjenu i širenje restorativne pravde, društvene promjene, edukacija i specijalizacija stručnjaka, osiguravanje financijskih sredstava te uvođenje promjena na razini sustava. Dio sudionica preporuča širenje restorativne pravde u hrvatskom kaznenopravnom sustavu, dok dio ne, smatrajući postojeća zakonska rješenja dovoljnima. |
| Abstract (english) | The goal of this research was to describe experience of restorative justice and out-ofcourt settlement for youth by decision makers and experts, with aim of deeper insight in the level of awareness and the way that decision makers and experts experience the concept of restorative justice and out-of-court settlement, as well as possibilities of its dissemination in criminal justice system. The research included five participants from following institutions: the Ministry of Justice, UNICEF-Office for Croatia, the Judicial Academy and the Office of the Ombudsman. The method by which the data had been collected was the interview. As the method of data processing, the method of simple coding was used. The results of the research gained insight in the way that decision makers and experts experience restorative justice and out-of-court settlement, as well as possibilities of its dissemination in criminal justice system. Ten themes describe findings about awareness of decision makers and experts about restorative justice and their positive experience of it, as well as gains and risks of application of restorative measures, the criteria of ordering/referring cases to the restorative process, conditions for application restorative justice, challenges and problems of criminal justice system, as well as challenges for implementation and dissemination of restorative measures, experience of out-of-court settlement and attitudes of decision makers and experts toward dissemination of restorative justice. Generally, the participants are familiar with the concept of restorative justice and they have positive attitudes towards it. They recognize the gains of applying restorative measures, but also potential risks on three levels – offender, victim and community (including criminal justice system). When they talk about risks of application of restorative measures, they emphasize that those measures are insufficient and mild for offenders and that they could encourage committing criminal offenses. Participants consider restorative measures applicable in all phases of criminal proceedings and towards all age groups of offenders. However, they point out that restorative measures are most applicable in previous procedure and that they are most efficient in regard to youth offenders. They state that the application of restorative measures should depend on type and severity of criminal offence. Out-of-court settlement is seen as a good legal solution for youth in conflict with the law and participants also point out the possibility of dissemination this measure towards adult offenders. When they talk about possibilities of implementation and dissemination of restorative approach, they emphasize that certain conditions should be respected. They also point out challenges of implementation and dissemination of restorative approach like creating legal preconditions for the application and dissemination of restorative justice, social changes, education and specialization of experts, ensuring financial recourses and introducing system-level changes. Part of participants recommend dissemination of restorative justice in Croatian criminal justice system, and the other part do not, considering that existing legal solutions are sufficient. |
