Pojavnost doživljenog i počinjenog vršnjačkog nasilja u populaciji osoba oštećenog vida

master's thesis

• Title (english): The incidence of experienced and committed peer violence in the visually impaired population
• Author: Ena Marunčić
• Mentor: Tina Runjić (mentor)
• Committee member: Tina Runjić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sonja Alimović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dominik Sikirić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-12-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Education/Rehabilitation Sciences

Abstract

Vršnjačko nasilje, ili popularnije nazvano bullying, gorući je problem rasprostranjen po cijelome svijetu. Olweus (1979) definira vršnjačko nasilje kao namjerno, opetovano, negativno ponašanje pojedinca ili više osoba usmjereno prema osobi koja se ne može adekvatno braniti. Velik broj istraživanja navodi kako su upravo djeca s oštećenjem vida izloženija nasilju. Određene osobitosti socio-emocionalnog razvoja djece s oštećenjem vida, primjerice manjak facijalne ekspresije, prisutnost blindizama, naučena bespomoćnost i drugi, negativno utječu na razvoj njihove socijalne kompetencije što ih stavlja pod veći rizik od nasilja. Cilj ovoga rada jest pregledom znanstvene literature razjasniti fenomen vršnjačkog nasilja u populaciji osoba oštećenog vida, odnosno ispitati pojavnost i razlike u doživljenom i počinjenom nasilju kod osoba oštećenog vida.
Iako u svijetu postoje mnoga istraživanja pojavnosti vršnjačkog nasilja u tipičnoj populaciji, istraživanja provedena na djeci s teškoćama u razvoju i djeci s oštećenjem vida znatno su manje zastupljena. Što se tiče razlika s obzirom na spol učenika, dob nastanka oštećenja i stupnja oštećenja vida, nalazi istraživanja nisu suglasni. Ispitivanje spolnih razlika u doživljavanju nasilja u ovoj populaciji nije pokazalo jednoznačne rezultate. Što se tiče razlika s obzirom na stupanj oštećenja, većina istraživanja ide u prilog tezi da su slabovidna djeca izloženija nasilju u odnosu na slijepu djecu. Veći stupanj rizika povezan je i s mlađom dobi, ranijim nastankom oštećenja i pridruženim teškoćama. Sva istraživanja slažu se kako su stope počinjenja nasilja u ovoj populaciji niže od one u tipičnoj populaciji i kako su djeca oštećenog vida ipak češće žrtve nego počinitelji nasilja. Što se tiče stupnja oštećenja vida, slabovidni učenici su skloniji nasilju u odnosu na slijepe. Pregled istraživanja na ovu temu upućuje nas na to kako je potrebno osvijestiti ovu tematiku među stručnjacima i roditeljima djece oštećenog vida. Mnogi oblici vršnjačkog nasilja ostaju neprepoznati od strane odraslih.
Uz to, vršnjačko nasilje ostavlja mnoge teške posljedice i na žrtvu, ali i na samog počinitelja nasilja. Jedan od načina prevencije nasilja svako jest jačanje socijalne kompetencije i tolerancije, ne samo učenika oštećenog vida, već cjelokupne populacije djece, njihovih roditelja i učitelja.

Abstract (english)

Peer violence, or more popularly called bullying, is a burning problem widespread throughout the world. Olweus (1979) defines peer violence as the intentional, repeated, negative behavior of an individual or multiple persons directed toward a person who cannot adequately defend himself. A large number of studies state that children with visual impairments are more exposed to violence. Certain characteristics of the socio-emotional development of children with visual impairment, such as lack of facial expression, the presence of blindisms, learned helplessness and others, negatively affect the development of their social competence which puts them at greater risk of violence. The aim of this paper is to review the scientific literature to clarify the phenomenon of peer violence in the population of visually impaired, and to examine the incidence and differences in experienced and committed violence in visually impaired persons.
Although there are many studies in the world on the incidence of peer violence in the typical population, research conducted on children with disabilities and children with visual impairment is much less represented. As for the differences regarding to the sex of the students, the age of the impairment and the degree of visual impairment, the research findings do not agree. Examination of gender differences in experiencing violence in this population did not show unambiguous results. As for differences regarding the degree of impairment, most research supports the thesis that visually impaired children are more exposed to violence. A higher degree of risk is also associated with younger age, earlier onset of impairment, and multiple disabilities. All research results agree that rates of committing violence in this population are lower than in the typical population and that visually impaired children are still more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence. In terms of the degree of visual impairment, visually lowsighted students are more prone to committingviolence than blind students. A review of research on this topic points us to the need of rising awareness of this topic among professionals and parents of visually impaired children. Many forms of peer violence remain unrecognized by adults. In addition, peer violence leaves many severe consequences for the victim, but also for the perpetrator of the violence. One of the ways to prevent violence is strengthening social competence and tolerance, not only of the visually impaired students, but of the entire population of children, their parents and teachers.

• Keywords: oštećenje vida; vršnjačko nasilje
• Keywords (english): visual impairment; peer violence/bullying
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:253712
• Study programme: Title: Graduate study of Educational Rehabilitation; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije (magistar/magistra edukacijske rehabilitacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-02-19 09:19:03