| Sažetak | Temeljni cilj ovog diplomskog rada je utvrditi opseg zlouporabe psihoaktivnih tvari
kod srednjoškolaca u gradu Zagrebu te navedeno dovesti u odnos s čimbenicima individualne
otpornosti. Specifični ciljevi rada su istražiti postoje li razlike u učestalosti konzumiranja
psihoaktivnih tvari kod srednjoškolaca u gradu Zagrebu s obzirom na zastupljenost čimbenika
individualne otpornosti.
Ovo istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od listopada do studenog 2017. godine u
Zagrebu u sklopu znanstvenog projekta „Pozitivan razvoj adolescenata grada Zagreba: analiza
stanja“. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo reprezentativnu populaciju srednjoškolaca iz 25 škola na
području grada Zagreba. Ovaj se diplomski rad temelji na izdvojenom prigodnom uzorku iz
velikog istraživanja to jest, podacima prikupljenima u četiri zagrebačke srednje škole. Škole
uključene u ovaj prigodni uzorak od 719 sudionika su: III. Gimnazija (N=295), Prirodoslovna
škola Vladimira Preloga – smjer kozmetičar (N=176), Geodetska škola (N=137) te
Drvodjeljska škola (N=111). Ispitivanje je provođeno grupno te je sudjelovanje bilo
dobrovoljno i anonimno.
Uz demografske varijable, individualna otpornost i zaštitni čimbenici ispitivani su
skalom Resilience and Youth Development Module iz California Healthy Kids Survey
(Hanson i sur., 2007). Ovaj pristup se temelji ne samo na studijama ljudskog razvoja, već i na
istraživanju školskog uspjeha, zdravih obitelji, kompetentnih zajednice i uspješnih programa
za mlade. Razvoj mladih je proces promicanja socijalnog, emocionalnog, fizičkog, moralnog,
kognitivnog i duhovnog razvoja kroz zadovoljavanje njihovih temeljnih potreba za
sigurnošću, ljubavi, pripadanjem, poštovanjem, identitetom i moći. Otpornost se odnosi na
pozitivan razvoj mladih u uvjetima ugroženosti, stresa i rizika. Općenito, to nije samo
sposobnost oporavka od nedaća, već i sposobnost postizanja zdravog razvoja i uspješnog
učenja u svim okolnostima. Glavno načelo pristupa razvoju mladih jest da je otpornost
sposobnost zdravog razvoja urođen svim ljudima. Kao takav, razvoj mladih bitan je dio
svakog sveobuhvatni program prevencije.
Za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada u obzir je uzeto šest unutarnjih koncepata otpornosti ili
individualnih osobina koje su povezane s pozitivnim razvojem, a to su: ciljevi i težnje,
empatija, osjećaj samoučinkovitosti, suradnja i komunikacija, vještina rješavanja problema te
samosvijest.
Konzumiranje psihoaktivnih tvari ispitivalo se kroz dva upitnika od kojih prvi ispituje
životnu prevalenciju konzumiranja, a drugi konzumaciju psihoaktivnih tvari u posljednjih 30
dana. U svrhu ispitivanja konzumiranja psihoaktivnih tvari sastavljen je upitnik od devet
čestica koje se odnose na konzumaciju alkohola, marihuane, LSD ili druga psihodelična
sredstva, kokain ili crack, ecstasy, ljepilo ili druga sredstva za inhalaciju poput plinova ili
sprejeva, amfetamin (speed), lijekove koji nisu propisani od strane liječnika te zadnja čestica
gdje je moguće navesti neku drugu psihoaktivnu tvar koja nije ponuđena. Za potrebe ovog
diplomskog rada analiziran je povezanost marihuane i individualnih zaštitnih čimbenika
odnosno čimbenika individualne otpornosti.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako su od šest subskala značajni prediktori
zlouporabe marihuane tijekom života samo dva zaštitna čimbenika, a to su ciljevi i težnje i
rješavanje problema i to tako da oni ispitanici koji imaju izraženije ove zaštitne čimbenike
rjeđe koriste marihuanu. Ostale subskale zaštitnih čimbenika nisu prediktori zloupotrebe
marihuane. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The main goal of this graduate thesis is to determine the extent of abuse of
psychoactive substances among high school students in the city of Zagreb, which is stated to
be related to factors of individual resistance. The specific aims of the thesis are to explore the
existing differences in the frequency of consumption of psychoactive substances in high
schools in the city of Zagreb with regard to the presence of individual resistance factors.
This research was conducted in the period from October to November 2017 in Zagreb, within
the framework of the scientific project "Positive development of adolescents in Zagreb:
analysis of the situation". The research covered a representative population of high school
students from 25 schools in the Zagreb area. This graduate thesis is based on a specific sample
from a large-scale research to data, data collected in four high schools in Zagreb. The schools
included in this sample of 719 participants are: III. Gymnasium (N=295), Vladimir Prelog
High School (N=176), Geodetic School (N=137) and Carpentry School (N=111). The survey
was conducted groupwise and the participation was voluntary and anonymous.
Along with demographic variables, individual resilience and protective factors are
investigated with scale Resilience and Youth Development Module from California Healthy
Kids Survey (Hanson et al., 2007). This approach is based not only on human development
studies, but also on the research of school success, healthy families, competent communities,
and successful youth programs. Youth development is a process of promoting social,
emotional, physical, moral, cognitive and spiritual development through satisfying their basic
needs for security, love, affiliation, respect, identity and power. Resistance refers to the
positive development of young people in terms of vulnerability, stress and risk. In general,
this is not just the ability to recover from the disadvantage, but also the ability to achieve
healthy development and successful learning in all circumstances. The main principle of
access to young people is that the resilience of healthy development is born to all people. As
such, youth development is an essential part of any comprehensive prevention program.
Six internal concepts of resistance or individual traits associated with positive development
have been taken into account: goals and aspirations, empathy, sense of self-efficacy,
cooperation and communication, problem-solving skills and self-awareness.
Consumption of psychoactive substances is examined through two questionnaires, of which
one first examines the prevalence of consumption and the other consumption of psychoactive
substances in the last 30 days. For the purpose of testing the consumption of psychoactive
substances, a nine-particle questionnaire that is related to the consumption of alcohol,
marijuana, LSD or other psychedelic agents, cocaine or crack, ecstasy, glue or other
inhalation agents such as gases or sprays, amphetamine (speed) which are not prescribed by
the physician and the last part where it is possible to indicate another non-offered
psychoactive substance. For the purpose of this graduate thesis, the relationship between
marijuana and individual protective factors, ie factors of individual resistance, is analyzed.
The results of the research show that six of the predominant predictors of marijuana abuse
during life are only two protective factors, namely weight and problem solving, and that
subjects with highly protective factors use marijuana. Other sub-scales of protective factors
are not predictors of abuse of marijuana. |
