Uloga robota u dijagnostici i podučavanju djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma

master's thesis

• Title (english): The role of robots in diagnostics and teaching of children with autism spectrum disorder
• Author: Rea Brozolo
• Mentor: Sanja Šimleša (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Šimleša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Cepanec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmina Stošić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Speech Therapy

Abstract

Robotom se smatra svaki automatizirani stroj višestruke namjene koji može obaviti određene zadaće na način na koji bi to moglo učiniti i ljudsko biće. Roboti se danas upotrebljavaju u različitim djelatnostima, obavljajući zadatke asistivne, industrijske, uslužne i zdravstvene namjene. Također, zahvaljujući brzom napretku moderne tehnologije posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća koji omogućuje robotima niz funkcija sličnih ljudskom ponašanju – kontakt očima, združena pažnja, dodirivanje te spoznaju da djeca s poremećajem iz spektra autizma pokazuju veliki interes za korištenjem elektroničkih naprava i ulaženje u interakciju s robotima, broj istraživanja vezanih uz korištenje robota u kliničkoj dijagnostici i rehabilitaciji je u porastu. Ovaj pregledni rad bavit će se pregledom i osvrtom na dostupna istraživanja koja govore o uporabi robota u dijagnostici i podučavanju djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Nastojat će se procijeniti postoje li roboti koji su po svojim karakteristikama učinkovitiji od drugih u svom zadatku. Nadalje, svrha je utvrditi postoje li neke razvojne domene (primjerice, združena pažnja, imitacija, stereotipna ponašanja ili jezične vještine) koje, uporabom robota, mogu biti bolje rehabilitirane u odnosu na tradicionalnu rehabilitaciju koja uključuje osobu. Tako je unutar ovog rada opisan poremećaj iz spektra autizma te različiti tipovi robota, a zatim i njihova uporaba u dijagnostici i terapiji kod djece s navedenim poremećajem. Pregledom literature uočava se da su dosadašnja istraživanja više bila usmjerena na područje uporabe u terapiji, a manjim dijelom u dijagnostici što je očekivano s obzirom na trenutne tehnološke mogućnosti. Također, rezultati pokazuju da su ispitanici sa PSA - om imali bolju izvedbu u radu s robotom naspram one koja se provodila s kliničarom u domeni socijalne interakcije i komunikacije, usmjeravanja ponašanja prema robotu te održavanja pažnje tijekom zadatka. Osim toga, može se govoriti o naznakama učinkovitog korištenja robota u smanjivanju količine stereotipnih i repetitivnih ponašanja te poboljšanju verbalne izvedbe kod pojedinaca. Iako provedena istraživanja imaju određene nedostatke (odsustvo kontrolnih skupina, mali uzorci, ispitanici pretežno muškog spola), važno je nastaviti proučavati ovo područje i razvijati ga kako bi se optimalno mogao iskoristiti potencijal moderne tehnologije u rehabilitaciji djece sa PSA-om.

Abstract (english)

A robot is considered to be any automated multipurpose machine that can perform certain tasks in the same way a human being can. Today, robots are used in various fields where they are used for assistive, industrial, hospitality and health purposes. Also, rapid advancement of modern technology in the last few decades allows robots to have functions that are similar to human behavior – eye contact, joint attention, touch. Thanks to this and to the understanding that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show great interest in using electronic devices and like to interact with robots, the number of researches related to the use of robots in the diagnostic process and therapy is on the rise. This review paper will review available research on the use of robots in the diagnostic and therapy process of children with ASD. Efforts will be made to assess whether there are robots whose characteristics make them more efficient than others in their tasks. Furthermore, the purpose is to determine whether there are some developmental domains (e.g., joint attention, imitation, stereotypical behaviors, or language skills) that can be better rehabilitated when using a robot compared to the traditional rehabilitation which requires a human therapist. Robots and autism spectrum disorder are described first within this paper, followed by their use in diagnostic process and therapy in children with this disorder. A review of the literature shows that previous research has focused more on the area of use in therapy, and to a lesser extent in diagnostics which is expected given the current technological possibilities. Also, the results show that subjects with ASD had better performance in the domain of social interaction and communication while working with the robot compared to the one with a clinician. They were also better in directing behaviors toward the robot and maintaining attention during the tasks. In addition, there are indications that the use of robots is effective in reducing the amount of stereotypical and repetitive behaviors and improving verbal performance in individuals. Although the conducted research has certain shortcomings (absence of control groups, small samples, predominantly male subjects), it is important to continue to study this area and develop it in order to optimally use the potential of modern technology in the rehabilitation of children with ASD.

• Keywords: robot; poremećaj iz spektra autizma; dijagnostika; rehabilitacija
• Keywords (english): robot; autism spectrum disorder; diagnostics; rehabilitation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:158:069646
• Study programme: Title: Graduate study of Speech and Language Pathology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra logopedije (magistar/magistra logopedije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-11-22 12:42:03